Rank these layers based on their distance from the Sun's center, from greatest to least. observation: The photosphere is made mostly of hydrogen and helium,The photosphere emits mostly visible light,The corona is hotter than the photosphere, The Sun emits neurtrinos and inferences: The Sun generates energy by fusing hydrogen into helium,The core temperature is 10 million k, The convection zone is cooler than the radiation zone,The composition of the photosphere is the same as … Rank the layers of the Sun based on their density, from highest to lowest. Nuclear fusion - Nuclear fusion - Fusion reactions in stars: Fusion reactions are the primary energy source of stars and the mechanism for the nucleosynthesis of the light elements. There is no evidence for this. Why do sunspots appear dark in pictures of the Sun? Because of the electromagnetic force, the two protons will. Not nuclear, it takes an extremely hight temperature for Fusion to occur with in the sun or any other star. Which of the following is the most common type of star? 3. Nuclear fusion occurs in the Sun’s core, which, not coincidentally, is also the hottest part of its whole constitution. The centre of our star is its coolest location. In this fusion reaction, two protons (1 H) collide to form a deuteron (a nucleus of deuterium, 2 H), with the liberation of a positron (the electron’s positively charged antimatter counterpart, denoted e +). Studies of sunquakes, or helioseismology, have revealed that. E) The mass of a neutrino is 30 percent of the mass of an electron. Photo: The Earth is powered by nuclear fusion happening inside the Sun. In the sun and other stars, four hydrogen nuclei combine at extremely high temperatures and pressures to produce a helium nucleus. E) The electron neutrinos created in the Sun change into another type of neutrino that we do not detect. There is a balance within the Sun between the outward push of pressure and the inward pull of gravity. Listed following are events or phenomena that occur during either the part of the sunspot cycle known as solar minimum or the part known as solar maximum. Nuclear fusion Nuclear fusion is when two small, light nuclei join together to make one heavy nucleus. The Sun is shrinking all the time, it just happens very slowly. 3. What are the appropriate units for the Sun's luminosity? The energy from the Sun - both heat and light energy - originates from a nuclear fusion process that is occurring inside the core of the Sun.The specific type of fusion that occurs inside of the Sun is known as proton-proton fusion.. Based on its surface temperature of 5,800 K, what color are most of the photons that leave the Sun's surface? It is the annual apparent motion of a star across the sky. The density of the atmosphere we breathe is 10 19 molecules per cm 3. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Explanation; Nuclear fusion is a type of nuclear reactions in which small atomic nuclei join to form one or more atomic nuclei and subatomic particles releasing a lot of energy. Nuclear fusion takes place only within the core of the sun, which is the region with the highest pressure, temperature (15m ˚ C) and density (10 26 protons per cm 3). Listed following are the different layers of the Sun. Nuclear fusion occurs only under conditions of extremely high … Which of these layers of the Sun is coolest? Oh no! It takes place only at extremely high temperatures. How do human-built nuclear power plants on Earth generate energy? Well, it takes a series of steps to reach the final solution…First let’s start with the age of the Earth - We know from radioactive dating that the Earth is roughly five billion years old. What would happen if the fusion rate in the core of the Sun were increased but the core could not expand? Which statement best describes the solar neutrino problem? In cases where the interacting nuclei belong to elements with low atomic numbers (e.g., hydrogen [atomic number 1] or its isotopes deuterium and tritium), substantial amounts of energy are released. C) Energy is transported outward by the rising of hot plasma and the sinking of cooler plasma. D) our mathematical models of the solar interior are fairly accurate. The Sun's core would start to heat up and the rate of fusion would increase even more. Suppose you put two protons near each other. 1. the bubbling pattern on the photosphere produced by the underlying convection, 1. areas of the corona where magnetic field lines project into space, allowing charged particles to escape the Sun, becoming part of the solar wind. How much mass does the Sun lose through nuclear fusion per second? 12.2 The Sun's Structure (Discovering the Universe, 5th ed., §9.0, 9.8) Picture Information. Fusion has also been used in different experimental devices, often with the hope of producing energy in a controlled fashion.On the other hand, fission is a nuclear process that does not normally occur in nature, as it requires a large mass and an incident neutron. 1. Fusion produces even more energy than fission. Nuclear fusion occurs in the central core of the Sun. ... A series of repeated reactions that occur very rapidly. Rank the following layers of the Sun based on their temperature, from highest to lowest. Fusion produces even more energy than fission. What is the average temperature of the surface of the Sun? 5. This photo was taken by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), a joint project of the ESA (European Space Agency) and NASA. Rank the layers of the Sun's atmosphere based on their temperature, from highest to lowest. Match these items to the correct part of the sunspot cycle. Rank the following layers of the Sun based on the pressure within them, from highest to lowest. 1. The Sun can be divided into two basic parts. At the center of the Sun, fusion converts hydrogen into. They actually are fairly bright but appear dark against the even brighter background of the surrounding Sun. B) They actually are fairly bright but appear dark against the even brighter background of the surrounding Sun. The heart of the Sun has a temperature close to 15.7 million Kelvin. The proton-proton cycle involves what kind of fusion process? What is the single most important characteristic in determining the course of a star's evolution? Typically, a neutron will react with an atom of Uranium-235 to produce two smaller atoms, for example Rubidium and Caesium, plus three neutrons. Nuclear fusion, process by which nuclear reactions between light elements form heavier elements (up to iron). Some time in the future, we might be able to create small-scale fusion power ourselves, here on Earth. Nuclear fusion in the core keeps the temperature and the pressure inside the Sun at a high enough level so that gravity is balanced. In which layer of the Sun does nuclear fusion occur? It looks like your browser needs an update. ADDED: Yes "nuclear". 5. Which of the following statements about neutrinos is not true? The overall fusion reaction by which the Sun currently produces energy is. Fusion occurs in the Sun and is one of the most energetic processes in the universe. core, radiation zone, convective zone, photosphere In which layer of the Sun does nuclear fusion occur? 1. the winding of magnetic field lines due to differential rotation. The light radiated from the Sun's surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes, but the energy of that light was released by fusion in the solar core about. The core of the sun. C) core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona. The interior of the Sun is a spherical region that is opaque to visible light and is relatively high density. Oh no! A. corona B. core C. photosphere D. convection zone E. chromosphere F. radiation zone Enter the letters of all correct statements in alphabetical order (without spaces). The CNO cycle (for carbon–nitrogen–oxygen; sometimes called Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle after Bethe and Weizsäcker) is one of the two known sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium, the other being the proton–proton chain reaction (p-p cycle), which is more efficient at the Sun's core temperature. Rank these layers based on their distance from the Sun's center, from greatest to least. Hydrogen fusion in the Sun requires a temperature (in Kelvin) of. It is a nuclear process, where energy is produced by smashing together light atoms. B) Higher temperature would cause the rate of nuclear fusion to rise, which would increase the internal pressure, causing the core to expand and cool until the fusion rate returned to normal. The core is the innermost quarter of the visible radius of the sun. 70 percent hydrogen, 28 percent helium, 2 percent other elements. Stars that have masses similar to the Sun's, and sizes similar to the Earth are. Which is closest to the temperature of the core of the Sun? Rank the following layers of the Sun based on the pressure within them, from highest to lowest. On Earth, nuclear fusion was first achieved in the creation of the hydrogen bomb. Nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium occurs in the... energy moves through the sun's ____ by means of the rising of hot gas and falling of cooler gas, nearly all the visible light we see from the Sun is emitted from the ___, Most of the Sun's ultraviolet light is emitted from the narrow layer called the ____ where temperature increases with altitude, we can see the sun's ____ most easily during total solar eclipses, the ___ is the layer of the Sun between its core and convection zone. core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere. Which of the following layers of the Sun can be seen with some type of telescope? In which of the following layers of the Sun does nuclear fusion occur? D) We see many sunspots on the surface of the Sun. Rank them based on the order in which a probe would encounter them when traveling from Earth to the Sun's surface, from first encountered to last. Does fusion occur only under extremely high temperatures? …the Sun is called the proton-proton cycle. All stars, from red dwarfs through the Sun to the most massive supergiants, achieve nuclear fusion in their cores by rising to temperatures of 4,000,000 K or higher. What was the major drawback of this idea? D) There is a balance within the Sun between the outward push of pressure and the inward pull of gravity. The density of the Sun is most similar to that of. The "Solar Neutrino Problem" refers to the fact that astronomers, detect only a third of the number of neutrinos expected by theory, The number of sunspots and solar activity in general peaks. corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone, radiation zone, core. Why must the Sun's rate of fusion gradually rise over billions of years? They are cooler than their surroundings. Overall, the Sun's average density is roughly the same as that of ___, The Sun spins on its axis roughly once each, The primary source of the Sun's energy is, fusion of light nuclei to make heavier ones, A typical solar granule is about the size of, As we move to greater and greater distances above the solar photosphere, the temperature in the Sun's atmosphere, The time between successive sunspot maxima is about, we detect fewer solar neutrinos than we expect. The pressure of the corona keeps the Sun's main body of gases confined to a small volume. The total radius of the Sun is 6.955×10 5 km (about 109 times radius of Earth). Which of the following statements about the sunspot cycle is not true? Even so, there have been examples of nuclear fission in natural reactors. To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. It is the opposite reaction of fission, where heavy isotopes are split apart. What evidence then do we have to support our current ideas about the solar interior. Nuclear forces are small-distance forces and have t… The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram plots ________ against the spectral type or temperature. The core of the sun is the center of the sun. Nuclear fusion is a process in which light-mass nuclei combine to form a heavier and more stable nucleus. core, radiation zone, convective zone, photosphere. Nuclear fusion is the lifeblood of stars, and an important process in understanding how the universe works. it happens all at once in a big chain-reaction explosion. In the late 1800s, Kelvin and Helmholtz suggested that the Sun stayed hot thanks to gravitational contraction. 4. C) It is rapidly converted to energy when it meets an ordinary electron, resulting in matter-antimatter annihilation. Why do sunspots appear darker than their surroundings? D) the winding of magnetic field lines due to differential rotation. The temperature at a sunspot umbra drops to 4000K, well below the surrounding photosphere. Modern nuclear power plants produce power from the energy produced during nuclear fission, where heavy and unstable atoms are split open. The visible light we see from our Sun comes from which part. 1. when the Sun was being formed from a collapsing cloud of gas, 3. Fusion energy, simply, is the exact opposite of fission energy, which comes from splitting an atom and is widely used to power nuclear plants and weapons.Fusion occurs constantly on our sun… In the Sun the process occurs in a controled manner. In nature, fusion occurs in stars, such as the sun. Which of the following best describes where other forms of light are released? However, some energy is released from the upper layers of the solar atmosphere. What is a possible solution to the solar neutrino problem? What processes are involved in the sunspot cycle? Which of these things poses the greatest hazard to communications satellites? When is/was gravitational contraction an important energy-generation mechanism for the Sun? It predicted that the Sun could last only about 25 million years, which is far less than the age of Earth. The first step in the proton-proton chain produces an antielectron, or positron. Most of the energy produced in the Sun is released in the form of visible light from the photosphere. The same process occurs in thermonuclear (fusion) bombs. Which is the strongest of the fundamental forces in the universe? D) because they rarely interact with matter. Humans have not sent a spacecraft into the interior of the Sun to confirm any models of the interior. B) Fusion reactions decrease the overall number of particles in the core, causing the core to shrink, converting gravitational potential energy into thermal energy, and increasing the rate of fusion. What do we mean when we say that the Sun is in gravitational equilibrium? What happens to energy in the convection zone of the Sun? D) 70 percent hydrogen, 28 percent helium, 2 percent other elements. To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. What two forces are balanced in what we call gravitational equilibrium? A way that particles can travel that quickly is by being in a hot gas or in plasma, like in the Sun. Rank the layers of the Sun's atmosphere based on their density, from highest to lowest. Which of these groups of particles has the greatest mass? The atmosphere of the Sun surrounds the interior, and is transparent to visible light and is relatively low density. The process is what powers our own Sun, and therefore is the root source of all the energy on Earth. Why are neutrinos so difficult to detect? Which of the following best describes what would happen? On the H-R diagram, red supergiants like Betelguese lie, In the H-R diagram, the bright blue-white stars that dominate the naked eye sky lie to the. Fusion occurs when two light nuclei, such as hydrogen, collide and combine to form heavier nuclei. A) The chromosphere is the source of ultraviolet light, and the corona is the source of X rays. A) the bubbling pattern on the photosphere produced by the underlying convection, B) areas of the corona where magnetic field lines project into space, allowing charged particles to escape the Sun, becoming part of the solar wind. Also emitted is a neutral particle of very small mass called a… For 100 years it has been a common belief that nuclear fusion occurs inside stars. Start studying Planets. In which of the following layers of the Sun does nuclear fusion occur? Consider all forms of light, but do not consider neutrinos or other particles. Rank the following layers of the Sun based on the pressure within them, from highest to lowest. Which layer of the Sun do we normally see? What observations characterize solar maximum? Rank the layers of the Sun based on their density, from highest to lowest. Rank the layers of the atmosphere based on the energy of the photons that are typically emitted there, from highest to lowest. Which of the following layers of the Sun can be seen with some type of telescope? This is where nuclear fusion occurs generating energy by converting hydrogen to helium. What are the two most important intrinsic properties used to classify stars? The picture above is the fireball created by the largest thermonuclear core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona. 4. B) strong magnetic fields slow convection and prevent hot plasma from entering the region. Rank the following layers of the Sun based on their temperature, from highest to lowest. Fusion is the process by which the sun and other stars generate light and heat. B) Solar neutrinos have been detected, but in fewer numbers than predicted by theoretical models. For a nuclear fusion reaction to occur, it is necessary to bring two nuclei so close that nuclear forces become active and glue the nuclei together. From the center outward, which of the following lists the "layers" of the Sun in the correct order? C) when the Sun was being formed from a collapsing cloud of gas. Nuclear fusion of hydrogen to form helium occurs naturally in the sun and other stars. The rate of nuclear fusion in the Sun peaks about every 11 years. Sunspots are cooler than the surrounding solar surface because. C) The rate of nuclear fusion in the Sun peaks about every 11 years. Nuclear fusion – energy of the future? A) It predicted that the Sun could last only about 25 million years, which is far less than the age of Earth. What physical property of a star does the spectral type measure? If neutrinos can escape from the solar core within minutes, then how long does it take a photon to escape? … 2. core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona. 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